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Related Concept Videos

Drug Discovery: Overview01:26

Drug Discovery: Overview

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Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
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Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

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Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
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Structure-Activity Relationships and Drug Design01:28

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Drug design is a dynamic field that involves discovering and developing new medications based on specific biological targets. This process heavily relies on structure-activity relationships (SAR) and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) to guide the design and optimization of efficient drugs.
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Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
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Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview01:26

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Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
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Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

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Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
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Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System
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Collaborative innovation during the drug discovery and development process.

Xue Wu1, Mirjam Knockaert2, Paolo Blasi3

  • 1Department of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Tweekerkenstraat 2, 9000 Gent, Belgium; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.

Drug Discovery Today
|June 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multidisciplinary collaborations are key to drug discovery innovation. This review analyzes how initiating and implementing these partnerships effectively drives positive outcomes in pharmaceutical research.

Keywords:
collaborative innovationdrug R&Dheterogeneous collaborationhomogeneous collaborationpublic–private partneringsystematic literature review

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Science
  • Innovation Management
  • Collaboration Studies

Background:

  • Drug discovery and development is complex and resource-intensive.
  • Breakthrough innovations frequently arise from multidisciplinary collaborations.
  • Understanding collaborative innovation is crucial for advancing pharmaceutical research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review collaborative innovation in drug discovery and development.
  • To analyze current practices and identify future research directions.
  • To focus on successful initiation, implementation, and outcome generation of collaborative innovation.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review using an evidence-based approach.
  • Searched Web of Science 'All Databases' for relevant papers.
  • Selected 74 articles from an initial retrieval of 737 papers for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Articles were categorized by collaborative innovation phases: initiation, implementation, and closure.
  • Collaborations were classified into homogeneous and heterogeneous types.
  • Existing knowledge on initiating and implementing collaborative innovation was systematically reviewed.

Conclusions:

  • Collaborative innovation is vital for overcoming drug discovery complexities.
  • Effective initiation and implementation strategies are essential for successful partnerships.
  • Further research can optimize collaborative innovation for enhanced drug research outcomes.