Percutaneous lymphatic duct embolisation in postnephrectomy chylous ascites

Chylous ascites can result from clinical complications or surgical injury or tumour progression that involves the lymphatic system. Ascites occurs due to blockage of lymphatic vessels or leakage during inadvertent injury of lymphatic vessels or lymph nodes during surgery. The case report is related to a patient who underwent left nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma who failed conservative treatment. Lymphangiography was first performed to detect the site of chylous leak in the topography of the left renal hilum, and subsequently, an anterior transabdominal puncture was then performed with a Chiba needle guided by fluoroscopy and injection of lipiodol to confirm the leak, followed by injection of n-butyl cyanoacrylate/Lipiodol (1:3) and Onyx with selective embolisation of chylous leak from the lymphatic duct. Lymphangiography with embolisation is a safe, relatively effective and minimally invasive method for treating chylous ascites.