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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

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Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2025

A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy
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Update on Molecular Imaging in Epilepsy.

Kowshik Vengadesan1, Ankita Phulia2, Rakesh Kumar1

  • 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Seminars in Nuclear Medicine
|June 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) affects many patients. Molecular imaging like SPECT and PET accurately identify the seizure onset zone, improving surgical planning for DRE patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder with recurrent seizures.
  • Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) affects approximately 30% of patients.
  • Focal DRE often requires surgical intervention to remove or disconnect seizure foci.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the role of molecular imaging in identifying the epileptogenic zone (EZ) for epilepsy surgery.
  • To assess the utility of SPECT and PET in cases with non-diagnostic or discordant conventional imaging.
  • To explore the contribution of imaging to understanding neurocognitive impairments in DRE.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical examination, MRI, and EEG findings in DRE patients.
  • Application of molecular imaging techniques, including SPECT and PET, for EZ localization.
  • Utilizing advanced image analysis techniques such as SISCOM, SISCOS, and PISCOM.

Main Results:

  • Molecular imaging (SPECT, PET) accurately demarcates the EZ when conventional methods are inconclusive.
  • Perfusion SPECT visualizes the ictal onset zone in vivo, a key indicator for surgery.
  • Interictal FDG PET/CT provides comprehensive EZ information, while SPECT requires ictal and interictal scans.

Conclusions:

  • SPECT and PET are crucial for precise EZ localization in DRE, guiding surgical decisions.
  • Advanced imaging analysis techniques enhance the accuracy of seizure onset zone identification.
  • Molecular imaging offers insights into brain function and pathophysiology related to DRE.