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Pre-clinical evaluation of a divalent liposomal vaccine to control invasive candidiasis

Augusto Costa-Barbosa1,2, Maria Inês Pacheco1,2, Andreia C Gomes1,2

  • 1Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA) /Aquatic Research Network (ARNET) Associate Laboratory, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.

NPJ Vaccines
|June 13, 2025
PubMed

Insights

A new liposomal vaccine targeting Candida albicans antigens Cht3 and Sap2 shows promise. This prophylactic vaccine enhances immune response and improves survival in invasive candidiasis mouse models.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Candida albicans causes life-threatening systemic infections, particularly in vulnerable populations.
  • High mortality rates (20-50%) persist despite current antifungal treatments.
  • Antifungal drug limitations include toxicity and emerging resistance, necessitating alternative strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel prophylactic vaccine against Candida albicans.
  • To assess the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a divalent liposomal vaccine formulation.
  • To investigate the vaccine's impact on immune responses and survival in a murine model.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a liposomal vaccine encapsulating Candida albicans Cht3 and Sap2 antigens.
  • Immunization of mice to assess vaccine-induced immune responses (Th1/Th17, Th1/Th2 ratio, antibodies).
  • Evaluation of vaccine efficacy through survival studies in a mouse model of invasive candidiasis.

Main Results:

  • Vaccination successfully induced protective Th1 and Th17 immune responses.
  • A balanced Th1/Th2 immune profile was observed post-vaccination.
  • Antigen-specific antibodies were detected, and macrophage activity was enhanced.
  • Vaccinated mice demonstrated improved survival rates in the invasive candidiasis model.

Conclusions:

  • The novel divalent liposomal vaccine effectively elicits protective immunity against Candida albicans.
  • This vaccine strategy holds potential as a prophylactic measure against invasive candidiasis.
  • Further research may lead to clinical applications for immunocompromised patients.

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