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Interference: Path Lengths

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Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

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Mitigated multipath interference in PAM4 IM/DD optical links using instantaneous mean intensity addressing.

Yibin Li, Zixian Wei, Lihang Liu

|June 14, 2025

Summary

Multipath interference (MPI) in PAM4 signals is mitigated using the novel instantaneous mean intensity addressing (IMIA) scheme. This method effectively suppresses noise, enhancing performance in short-reach optical interconnects.

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Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

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Published on: February 6, 2014

Area of Science:

Optical communications
Signal processing

Background:

Multipath interference (MPI) significantly degrades 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) signals in short-reach intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) systems.
Signal reflections from fiber connectors cause irregular intensity fluctuations, impairing system performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and evaluate a novel MPI noise mitigation scheme for PAM4 signals.
To enhance the robustness and performance of short-reach optical interconnects against MPI.

Main Methods:

Introduction of the instantaneous mean intensity addressing (IMIA) scheme.
Utilization of an instantaneous mean intensity table and an MPI noise table for real-time noise extraction and removal.
Simulation of a 50-Gbps PAM4 transmission system with single and multiple forward-traveling reflected light (FTRL) scenarios.

Main Results:

The IMIA scheme demonstrates significant MPI tolerance, exceeding 6 dB for 7% hard-decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) and 4 dB for KP4-FEC criteria.
Effectiveness shown across varying MPI conditions in both single and multiple FTRL scenarios.
Integration with noise whitening filter (NWF) and maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) yielded an additional 2 dB improvement.

Conclusions:

The proposed IMIA scheme effectively suppresses MPI noise in PAM4 signals for IM/DD systems.
IMIA enhances system performance and offers substantial MPI tolerance, crucial for reliable short-reach optical interconnects.
Combined approaches with NWF and MLSE further boost MPI resilience.