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    We developed a faster real-time vector magnetic field tracking method using nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers. This technique significantly improves speed and sensitivity for magnetic field measurements.

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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum Sensing
    • Solid-State Physics
    • Optics

    Background:

    • Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are promising quantum sensors.
    • Accurate real-time vector magnetic field measurement is crucial for various applications.
    • Existing methods often lack the required speed and sensitivity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a novel real-time vector magnetic field tracking method.
    • To enhance the speed and sensitivity of magnetic field detection using NV centers.
    • To demonstrate the method's feasibility through experimental validation.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing optical detection magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy.
    • Implementing multi-channel microwave frequency modulation (FM) technology.
    • Employing real-time demodulation of fluorescence signals from a single photodetector (PD).
    • Introducing multi-channel feedback control for real-time resonance frequency tracking.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a tracking speed over 28 times faster than frequency hopping methods.
    • Demonstrated AC magnetic field dynamic ranges of ±148.8 µT (X), ±151.2 µT (Y), and ±152.5 µT (Z).
    • Obtained high sensitivities: 0.93 nT/√Hz (X), 0.76 nT/√Hz (Y), and 0.54 nT/√Hz (Z).

    Conclusions:

    • The developed NV-center-based method enables rapid and sensitive real-time vector magnetic field tracking.
    • The technique shows significant improvements in speed and dynamic range.
    • Potential applications include space exploration, medical diagnosis, and navigation.