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Balanced plasmonic-augmented silicon photonic interferometric sensor for biosensing applications.

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a self-referenced plasmonic augmented Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) for biosensing. The novel sensor offers high sensitivity, stability, and cost-effectiveness for detecting various bio-analytes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Plasmonics
    • Biosensing

    Background:

    • Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) are widely used in sensing.
    • Integrating plasmonic waveguides can enhance MZI sensitivity.
    • Conventional MZIs can be sensitive to environmental fluctuations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a self-referenced plasmonic augmented MZI for enhanced biosensing.
    • To improve thermal stability and limit of detection in MZI-based sensors.
    • To demonstrate the sensor's capability for multiplexed detection of diverse analytes.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a silicon nitride MZI with integrated aluminum plasmonic waveguides.
    • Experimental characterization of extinction ratio, bulk sensitivity, and thermal stability.
    • Numerical simulations and benchmarking against various bio-analytes.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved extinction ratio > 55 dB and bulk sensitivity of 2322 nm/RIU.
    • Demonstrated 50x improvement in thermal stability (5×10⁻³ nm/°C) compared to asymmetric MZIs.
    • Achieved a limit of detection of 2.6 × 10⁻⁶ RIU and surface sensitivity up to 2306 nm/RIU.

    Conclusions:

    • The self-referenced plasmonic augmented MZI is a robust and highly sensitive biosensor.
    • The sensor design enables cost-effective, scalable, and multiplexed on-chip detection.
    • Validated simulation models confirm heterogeneous detection capabilities for diverse bio-analytes.