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Development and initial validation of DESCAQ: A Rasch-based computer-adaptive questionnaire for assessing digital eye

Mariano González-Pérez1,2, Ana Barrio1,3, Rosario Susi4

  • 1Optometry and Vision Department, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)
|June 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new Digital Eye Strain Computer Adaptive Questionnaire (DESCAQ) was developed for quick and reliable measurement of digital eye strain. This validated tool effectively assesses severity across eight levels for researchers and clinicians.

Keywords:
Rasch analysisasthenopiacomputer adaptive testcomputer vision syndromedigital eye strainquestionnaire

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Digital Health
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Digital eye strain is a prevalent issue among digital device users.
  • Existing measurement tools may lack efficiency or ease of use.
  • A need exists for a rapid and accurate assessment of digital eye strain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the Digital Eye Strain Computer Adaptive Questionnaire (DESCAQ).
  • To create a tool for measuring digital eye strain in individuals aged 8-65.
  • To provide a Spanish and English version for broader accessibility.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-cultural adaptation of the Spanish DESCAQ to English.
  • Online administration to UK and US digital device users.
  • Analysis using the partial credit model and Rasch model.
  • Test-retest reliability and convergent validity assessment against CVSS17.

Main Results:

  • The final English DESCAQ includes 36 items, with a reliability index of 0.95.
  • The questionnaire is completed quickly (approx. 120 seconds) using an average of 12 items.
  • High test-retest reliability (ICC=0.884) and strong convergent validity (r=0.87) were demonstrated.
  • The tool can distinguish up to eight severity levels of digital eye strain.

Conclusions:

  • The DESCAQ is a validated, precise, and reliable web-based tool for assessing digital eye strain.
  • It offers a quick and easy-to-interpret score for researchers and clinicians.
  • The DESCAQ categorizes digital eye strain severity across eight distinct levels.