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Siphonaxanthin inhibits the growth of breast cancer cell subtypes by modulating the expression of cellular proteins

Yogendra Prasad Kavalappa1,2, Nimish Mol Stephen3, Kirubakaran Baskaran Jayalakshmi4

  • 1Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, 570 020, India.

Medical Oncology (Northwood, London, England)
|June 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Marine carotenoid siphonaxanthin (SPX) from Codium species inhibits breast cancer cell growth by suppressing antioxidant and survival pathways, promoting apoptosis. This highlights SPX

Keywords:
Antioxidant defenceApoptosisBreast cancer cellsCell survivalSiphonaxanthin

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Area of Science:

  • Marine natural products
  • Cancer biology
  • Molecular pharmacology

Background:

  • Codium species are edible marine algae with reported health benefits.
  • Marine compounds, including carotenoids, show potential anticancer properties.
  • The molecular mechanisms of Codium-derived compounds in cancer are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms of siphonaxanthin (SPX) from Codium sp. in inhibiting breast cancer cell growth.
  • To analyze the effects of SPX on cell viability, antioxidant defense, cell survival, and apoptosis signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Cell viability was assessed using the WST-1 assay.
  • Protein expression of key signaling molecules was analyzed via western blotting.
  • Apoptosis induction was visualized using DAPI staining.

Main Results:

  • Siphonaxanthin (SPX) significantly inhibited the viability of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells at 5 μM.
  • SPX suppressed the protein expression of SOD-2, Nrf2, pAkt, pERK1/2, and NF-kB.
  • SPX treatment led to apoptosis induction, evidenced by downregulated Bcl-2, p-Bad, and PARP expression.

Conclusions:

  • Siphonaxanthin (SPX) exhibits a significant cancer chemopreventive role in human breast cancer cells.
  • SPX activates cell death pathways by modulating antioxidant defense and cell survival signaling.
  • Marine carotenoids like SPX represent potential therapeutic agents for breast cancer treatment.