Screening for Host Proteins with Pro- and Antiviral Activity via High-Throughput CRISPR

The whole-genome library for CRISPR screening serves as an important biotechnological tool aimed at probing gene function in mammalian cells, providing a foundation for the systematic discovery of essential genes corresponding to biological effects. Research indicates that whole-genome library cell lines can be used to identify host factors and potential drug targets associated with viral infections effectively at high throughput, providing crucial evidence for the development of novel antiviral drugs. Here, we primarily discuss the methods for constructing genome-scale CRISPR screens in cell lines and their applications in virology research. By cloning and expressing the whole genomic DNA of specific organisms, stable cell lines, which can be utilized for functional validation, drug screening, and gene function studies, can be established. Through gene knockout or overexpression techniques, in-depth analyses of the key roles that genes play in the viral life cycle could be conducted, revealing how viruses exploit the biological mechanisms of host cells for replication and evasion of immune responses. These findings not only enhance our understanding of the interactions between viruses and host cells but also yield new targets for the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines.