Synergistic Effect of Stromal Vascular Fraction and Lymph Node Transfer in a Rabbit Hindlimb Model

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) promote lymphangiogenesis, though their integration with vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) is not well-explored. Unlike ADSCs, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) can be obtained intraoperatively without the need for cell culture, making it ideal for incorporation into VLNT in a single-stage surgical procedure. This study evaluates the impacts of combined VLNT and SVF therapy using a rabbit hindlimb model.

New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups: control, VLNT only, SVF only, and combined VLNT plus SVF. The VLNT procedure involved transferring a pedicled lymph node flap, while the SVF was harvested and injected into the perinodal tissue. Postoperative assessments included measuring edema volume, performing ICG lymphography, conducting histological analysis, and measuring VEGF-C and LYVE-1 expression.

Initial increases in hindlimb edema volume were noted, but a significant decrease occurred by week 4, particularly in the VLNT group and VLNT plus SVF group compared to the control group. Histological evaluations indicated that the combined treatment group preserved superior structural integrity of the lymph nodes, with a decreased proportion of fibroadipose tissue compared to the VLNT-only group. Elevated VEGF-C expression was observed in the SVF-treated groups, as confirmed by both RT-PCR and ELISA analyses at week 4. Additionally, the combined VLNT plus SVF group showed increased LYVE-1 expression by week 8.

The results suggest that SVF can be effectively integrated with VLNT in a single-stage procedure, enhancing the viability and structural integrity of vascularized lymph nodes. These results highlight the potential of this combined approach as a promising therapeutic strategy for advanced-stage lymphedema, meriting further exploration in clinical trials.