Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Integrating Computerized Linguistic and Social Network Analyses to Capture Addiction Recovery Capital in an Online Community
Published on: May 31, 2019
"How am I Going to Live? How am I Going to Pay Rent?": A Mixed Methods Investigation of Employment, Stigma, and
Austin R Waters1, Erin E Kent1,2, Camille R Murray1
1Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Abstract:
IntroductionEmployment changes among cancer caregivers are common and can result in financial hardship. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other identities outside of cisgender heterosexual (LGBTQ+) individuals are more likely to live in poverty and experience workplace discrimination than non-LGBTQ+ individuals. This study aimed to assess the impact of caregiving-related employment changes and anti-LGBTQ+ stigma on financial hardship and describe lived experiences with financial hardship and related employment changes among LGBTQ+ cancer caregivers.MethodsAn explanatory mixed-methods study was conducted and included a national survey and individual interviews with survey participants. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to test the association of employment changes with financial hardship. An inductive qualitative analysis guided by two of the three domains of financial hardship (ie, material and behavioral) was conducted. Quantitative and qualitative data were integrated throughout the study.ResultsA total of N = 332 LGBTQ+ cancer caregivers participated in the survey, and N = 14 participated in an interview. The average modified COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity and Caregiver Reaction Assessment financial sub-scale were 25.6 (SD: 9.9, Range: 1-44) and 2.99 (SD: 1.0, Range: 1-5). Employment changes (OR: 3.32, 95% CI: 1.73-6.36) and anti-LGBTQ+ stigma (OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.47-3.32) were associated with high financial hardship. Three overarching themes from the qualitative analysis included: 1) Financial Hardship: Increased Costs, Strained Finances, and Lost Wages; 2) Caregiving as an LGBTQ+ Person: Stigma, Outness, and Expectations; and 3) Financial Unmet needs and Recommendations.ConclusionLGBTQ+ cancer caregivers experience substantial financial hardship that is associated with employment changes and anti-LGBTQ+ stigma. LGBTQ + cancer caregivers reported varying levels of outness and acceptance that directly influenced their access to financial support. Cancer-related financial hardship interventions tailored to the needs of LGBTQ+ individuals are needed.
Related Concept Videos
Longitudinal Research
Cancer Survival Analysis
Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups
Cancer Therapies
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Mouse Models of Cancer Study
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

