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Phase II biotransformations are detoxification mechanisms that conjugate xenobiotics with endogenous substances, neutralizing their toxicity.
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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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  11. Thioredoxin-mediated Sulfur Cycling And Biogenic Sulfur Encapsulation Synergistically Enhance Co-removal Of Nitrogen, Sulfamethoxazole, And Resistance Genes In Constructed Wetlands

Thioredoxin-mediated sulfur cycling and biogenic sulfur encapsulation synergistically enhance co-removal of nitrogen, sulfamethoxazole, and resistance genes in constructed wetlands

Chenpeng Fang1, Huaqing Liu1, Xinhan Chen1

  • 1College of Safety and Environment Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.

Water Research
|June 14, 2025

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Experimental Column Setup for Studying Anaerobic Biogeochemical Interactions Between Iron OxyHydroxides, Trace Elements, and Bacteria
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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered FeS2@S° composite fillers in constructed wetlands (CWs) reduce antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and enhance nitrogen removal. This novel material shields microbes and degrades ARGs, offering a sustainable wastewater treatment solution.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Environmental Microbiology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Constructed wetlands (CWs) face challenges with sulfur-driven denitrification and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) proliferation.
  • Sulfide accumulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in CWs can harm microbial communities while aiding nitrogen removal.
  • Existing CW substrates struggle to simultaneously manage nitrogen removal, antibiotic degradation, and ARG suppression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a novel FeS2@S° composite filler for enhanced performance in constructed wetlands.
  • To investigate the synergistic effects of thioredoxin (Trx)-mediated sulfur cycling and biogenic sulfur (bio-S0) encapsulation.
  • To address the conflict between nitrogen removal and microbial integrity in the presence of sulfides and ARGs.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
Antibiotic resistance genesBiogenic sulfurComposite fillerConstructed wetlands

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  • Development of a FeS2@S° composite filler material.
  • Analysis of gene expression (e.g., trxA/B, tolC) to understand microbial responses.
  • Quantification of nitrogen removal, sulfamethoxazole degradation, and ARG abundance.
  • Assessment of microbial viability and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS)-bound ARG degradation.
  • Evaluation of sulfide recycling and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emissions.

Main Results:

  • The FeS2@S° composite upregulated trxA/B genes, facilitating sulfide conversion to bio-S0 and enhancing microbial adhesion and viability (84.03% under stress).
  • Sulfur vacancies in FeS2 generated ROS, degrading 73.00% of EPS-bound ARGs and suppressing horizontal gene transfer (tolC downregulation).
  • The 6:4 FeS2@S° system achieved 68.66% total nitrogen removal and 50.17% sulfamethoxazole degradation, outperforming conventional substrates.
  • A significant reduction in ARG abundance (61.24-67.31%) and minimal H2S emissions (0.045 mg·m-2·h-1) were observed.
  • Approximately 89.00% of sulfides were recycled, maintaining a self-sustaining sulfur cycle.

Conclusions:

  • The engineered FeS2@S° composite effectively bridges Trx-driven redox homeostasis and bio-S0 protection for robust CW performance.
  • This study establishes a transformative paradigm for sustainable wastewater treatment, enabling simultaneous nitrogen retention, antibiotic degradation, and ARG suppression.
  • The developed material redefines CWs as capable of mitigating both nitrogen pollution and the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Thioredoxin