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Related Concept Videos

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

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The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

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Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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Histone Modification02:32

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
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Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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CRAMP1 drives linker histone expression to enable Polycomb repression.

Rachael E Matthews1, Joshua Miguel C Danac1, Emily L Naden1

  • 1The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK.

Molecular Cell
|June 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Linker histones (H1) are crucial for Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) function, not just heterochromatin. Their depletion selectively decompacts H3K27me3-marked loci, revealing H1

Keywords:
H1PRC2Polycombchromatinepigenetic silencingepigeneticsheterochromatinhistonelinker histone

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Expression Analysis of Mammalian Linker-histone Subtypes
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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and chromatin biology
  • Molecular mechanisms of gene regulation

Background:

  • The function of linker histone H1 in epigenetic regulation is not fully understood.
  • Prevailing views associate linker histones primarily with heterochromatin formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of linker histone H1 in Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) mediated gene repression.
  • To identify novel factors involved in PRC2 function.

Main Methods:

  • CRISPR-Cas9 genetic screening using a fluorescent PRC2 reporter.
  • Analysis of gene expression, histone modifications (H3K27me3), and protein localization.
  • Investigated the role of CRAMP1 in regulating linker histone transcription.

Main Results:

  • A screen identified CRAMP1 as essential for PRC2-mediated repression.
  • CRAMP1 regulates the transcription of linker histone genes.
  • Depletion of CRAMP1 leads to loss of all linker histones.
  • Linker histones preferentially localize to H3K27me3-marked loci.
  • Loss of linker histones causes selective decompaction of H3K27me3 loci and derepression of PRC2 targets without affecting PRC2 occupancy or activity.

Conclusions:

  • Linker histones play a critical role in PRC2-mediated epigenetic repression.
  • Linker histones are key components of the H3K27me3 epigenetic mark.
  • This study challenges the view of H1 as solely a heterochromatin component and highlights its specific role in PRC2 target gene regulation.