A review of nonhuman primate models of depressive disorder

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental disorder that affects people worldwide. It has been challenging to apply findings from basic research using rodents to clinical research. Many treatments that target the monoamine system are not effective. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) play an important role in both basic and translational research, but their use in research has been limited, and it is difficult to measure moods or thoughts in NHPs. In this evaluation, we focus on the depression model and behavior assessments in NHPs to understand their unique contributions to depression research. We also examine depression-like behavior in NHPs that aligns with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) and provide an overview of insights from studies using nonhuman monkey models and behavioral assessments in the development of new and effective treatments for depression.