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Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: A review.
R A Jiménez-Castillo1, S Arumugam2, J M Remes-Troche3
1Servicio de Gastroenterología y Endoscopía, «Dr. José E. González» Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico; Laboratorio de Fisiología Digestiva y Motilidad Gastrointestinal, Instituto de Investigaciones Médico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico.
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) causes severe vomiting in chronic cannabis users. Stopping cannabis use is key to resolving symptoms, yet diagnosis is often delayed due to physician unawareness.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Pharmacology
- Neurology
Background:
- Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is a condition linked to chronic, heavy cannabis use.
- It presents as severe, cyclical vomiting episodes that significantly impair quality of life.
- CHS is often misdiagnosed or diagnosed after a significant delay, leading to poor patient outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critically analyze current knowledge on Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS).
- To review worldwide cannabis use patterns and their relation to CHS.
- To explore the endocannabinoid system's role, diagnostic criteria, and management strategies for CHS.
Main Methods:
- This narrative review synthesizes existing literature on CHS.
- It examines studies on global cannabis consumption.
- It analyzes the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of CHS.
Main Results:
- CHS is characterized by disabling vomiting episodes in chronic cannabis users.
- Delayed diagnosis is common, often exceeding several years.
- Effective treatment relies on sustained cessation of cannabis use.
Conclusions:
- Increased physician awareness is crucial for timely CHS diagnosis.
- Understanding the endocannabinoid system may offer new therapeutic targets.
- Comprehensive management strategies are needed to improve patient outcomes for CHS.
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