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Updated: Sep 19, 2025

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Brazil climate highlights 2023.

Luana Albertani Pampuch1, Paola Gimenes Bueno2, Michelle Simões Reboita3

  • 1Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|June 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary

In 2023, Brazil faced record-breaking extreme weather, including severe droughts in the Amazon and intense heatwaves in the Southeast. Southern Brazil endured heavy rainfall and cyclones, causing significant impacts.

Keywords:
Brazilextreme precipitationheatwavesintense windssynoptic‐scale cyclones

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Area of Science:

  • Climatology
  • Extreme Weather Events
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • 2023 marked the highest global near-surface temperature anomalies on record.
  • Extreme weather and climate events significantly impacted regions worldwide, including Brazil.
  • Understanding regional climate anomalies is crucial for disaster preparedness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze anomalous temperature and precipitation patterns in Brazil during 2023.
  • To identify and examine the most significant extreme weather events in Brazil for the year.
  • To describe the physical processes driving these extremes and their socioenvironmental impacts.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of diverse climate datasets.
  • Application of various analytical methodologies.
  • Investigation of meteorological and climatological data.

Main Results:

  • Record single-day rainfall on São Paulo's north coast.
  • Severe, prolonged drought in the Amazon region (September-November 2023).
  • Devastating cyclones in Southern Brazil; intense heatwaves in Southeast/Central-West Brazil.

Conclusions:

  • 2023 was characterized by a spectrum of extreme climate events across Brazil.
  • These events, including droughts, floods, and heatwaves, had profound socioenvironmental consequences.
  • The study highlights the vulnerability of Brazil to climate extremes and the need for adaptation strategies.