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Diurnal cortisol and rumination: Examining gender differences.

Nathan C Stuart1, Peggy M Zoccola1, Sally S Dickerson2

  • 1Ohio University, United States.

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Women who ruminate more on stressors show flatter diurnal cortisol slopes, unlike men. This study explores rumination, diurnal cortisol, and gender differences in daily life.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Endocrinology
  • Stress Research

Background:

  • Laboratory studies suggest gender differences in rumination's impact on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and cortisol.
  • Research on rumination, diurnal cortisol, and HPA activity in naturalistic settings, considering gender, is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gender differences in the association between rumination types and diurnal cortisol slope (DCS) in a naturalistic setting.
  • To examine stressor-focused rumination and brooding rumination in relation to DCS and gender.

Main Methods:

  • 116 college-aged adults (63 women, 53 men) provided six salivary cortisol samples daily for five days.
  • Diurnal cortisol slope (DCS) was calculated as a measure of cortisol decline throughout the day.
  • Stressor-focused rumination and brooding rumination were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Women with higher stressor-focused rumination showed flatter DCS, indicating reduced cortisol decline.
  • Men exhibited the opposite pattern, with higher stressor-focused rumination associated with steeper DCS.
  • No significant associations were found for brooding rumination or direct associations between rumination measures and diurnal cortisol.

Conclusions:

  • Stressor-focused rumination is linked to altered diurnal cortisol patterns in women, but not men, in daily life.
  • These findings highlight gender-specific relationships between rumination and HPA axis regulation outside laboratory settings.