Exploring the Impact of Mental Health on PSA Screening: Insights From a Population-Based Survey

To explore the relationship between mental health status and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, given that poor mental health may reduce engagement in preventive health behaviors.

We analyzed data from the 2018 and 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys, including men aged 50-69 years without history of prostate cancer. The primary outcome was self-reported PSA screening in the past two years. Poor mental health was defined as at least 14 days of self-reported poor mental health or a depressive disorder diagnosis. Covariates included socio-demographic variables, chronic comorbidities, and healthcare access. Logistic regression assessed associations between mental health, PSA screening, and covariates.

A total of 114,972 men were included, representing a weighted population of 30.5 million. Of them, 81.9% and 18.1% had good and poor mental health, respectively. The overall PSA screening rate was 28.2%. Men with good mental health were more likely to undergo PSA screening (29.3% vs 23.2%; P <.001). Poor mental health was associated with 10% lower odds of PSA screening (aOR: 0.90 [0.83-0.98]). Higher adherence was observed among older participants (aOR: 2.54), with higher education levels (aOR: 1.95), or married (aOR: 1.21). Having at least one personal doctor (aOR: 2.86) was a strong predictor of PSA screening.

Men with poor mental health are less likely to undergo PSA screening. Addressing mental health barriers is essential to improve preventive care. Integrated care models with mental health support may reduce disparities and enhance prostate cancer outcomes in this population.