Coronary artery disease and human immunodeficiency virus

Cardiac complications in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been recognized since the 1980s. However, the type of cardiac conditions seen in this population has changed substantially since the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Coronary artery disease (CAD) has emerged as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV positive individuals. HIV and ART have both been linked to the development of CAD through multiple mechanisms. There is limited specific guidance for management of CAD and its risk factors in people with HIV. This literature review explores the pathophysiology and management of CAD in HIV-infected patients, identifying gaps in evidence and areas for future research to address the growing burden of CAD in this patient population.