Flower-like copper‑cobalt‑sulfur bimetallic nanozyme functionalized with fluorescent PCDs: A hydrogel-involved...

β-glucosidase (β-glu) play a critical role in many biological processes in microorganisms, plants and animals. Herein, we established a sensitive dual-channel sensing platform for β-glu determination based on a bifunctional nanoprobe composed of copper‑cobalt‑sulfur bimetallic nanoflowers decorated with fluorescent carbon dots (PCDs@CuCoS NFs). This nanoprobe displayed both remarkable fluorescence properties and peroxidase (POD)-mimicking activity, enabling simultaneous fluorescent and colorimetric sensing of β-glu. The established sensing system possesses excellent analytical performance with limits of detection as low as 0.024 U/L (fluorescence) and 0.22 U/L (colorimetric), respectively. Furthermore, we constructed a portable hydrogel sensing platform for visual monitoring of β-glu under both daylight and UV lamp. The visual hydrogel sensing platform achieved satisfactory recoveries for β-glu analysis in biological and food samples.