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Intracarotid Cancer Cell Injection to Produce Mouse Models of Brain Metastasis
Published on: February 8, 2017
Molecular drivers in CNS metastatic disease
Hannah Kim1, Sofia Chernet1, Priya Kumthekar1
1Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Abstract:
The incidence and prevalence of CNS metastases of systemic cancer is only increasing worldwide, especially as our available systemic therapies have improved, resulting in longer survival and more time to allow for CNS progression. Fortunately, we have made substantial therapeutic advances in drug development in the last decade, with newer agents demonstrating significant penetration into the nervous system and notable efficacy. Treatments specifically targeted for certain mutations in the cancer pathway have been especially successful in aborting the onward trajectory and growth of cancer cells in the nervous system. In this review, we provide an overview and update of the drugs that have demonstrated benefit in achieving intracranial control (at times including leptomeningeal disease), many of which have already received or are pending regulatory approval. We also provide a brief look into the landscape of ongoing clinical research including challenges in the field.
Insights
Advances in systemic cancer therapies have increased survival, leading to more central nervous system (CNS) metastases. Newer drugs show promise for intracranial control, including targeted therapies for CNS cancer progression.
Area of Science:
- Neuro-oncology
- Medical oncology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Increasing incidence and prevalence of CNS metastases globally.
- Improved systemic therapies lead to longer survival and increased risk of CNS progression.
- Advances in drug development offer new hope for managing brain metastases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and update on drugs demonstrating efficacy in achieving intracranial control of CNS metastases.
- To highlight newer agents with significant nervous system penetration and therapeutic benefits.
- To discuss targeted therapies for specific cancer mutations impacting the CNS.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent therapeutic advances in CNS metastases.
- Analysis of drugs with demonstrated efficacy in intracranial and leptomeningeal disease control.
- Overview of ongoing clinical research and challenges in the field.
Main Results:
- Several newer systemic agents show significant CNS penetration and efficacy.
- Targeted therapies are particularly successful in halting CNS cancer cell growth.
- Many reviewed drugs are approved or pending regulatory approval for CNS metastases.
Conclusions:
- Substantial therapeutic progress has been made in managing CNS metastases.
- Emerging drugs and targeted therapies offer improved intracranial control.
- Ongoing research addresses challenges in treating brain metastases and leptomeningeal disease.
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