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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 19, 2025

A Macrophage Reporter Cell Assay to Examine Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated NF-kB/AP-1 Signaling on Adsorbed Protein Layers on Polymeric Surfaces
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Highly sensitive nanobody-immunosensor for macrophage-capping protein.

Jaymi January1, Olivier Zwaenepoel2, Jan Gettemans2

  • 1SensorLab (University of the Western Cape Sensor Laboratories), 4th Floor Chemical Sciences Building, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7535, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Nanobody Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park 75, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics
|June 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new immunosensor detects macrophage-capping protein (CapG), a cancer biomarker. This sensitive tool, using perovskite-tagged nanobodies, shows promise for early cancer screening, particularly for gastric, breast, and ovarian cancers.

Keywords:
Cancer disease biomarkerElectrochemical immunosensorMacrophage-capping protein (CapG)Nanobody-based immunosensorPerovskite nanomaterial

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Cancer Biomarkers

Background:

  • Macrophage-capping protein (CapG) overexpression is linked to breast, ovarian, and gastric cancers.
  • CapG is a potential novel biomarker for early cancer detection.
  • Sensitive and selective detection methods for CapG are crucial for cancer diagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel LiSmZrO3 perovskite-tagged nanobody (Nb)-type sandwich immunosensor for CapG detection.
  • To evaluate the immunosensor's sensitivity, selectivity, and stability for CapG detection.
  • To explore the potential of this immunosensor as a cancer screening tool.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a sandwich immunosensor using anti-CapG nanobodies (single antigen-binding domain camelid heavy chain-only antibodies).
  • Immobilization of a capture nanobody (Nb1) on a gold screen-printed electrode via streptavidin-thiol linkage.
  • Utilizing a signaling nanobody (Nb2) tagged with LiSmZrO3 perovskite as an electrochemical redox tracer.

Main Results:

  • The immunosensor demonstrated a linear calibration range of 0-1200 pg/mL for CapG detection in buffer.
  • A limit of detection (LOD) of 326.4 pg/mL was achieved in Dulbecco phosphate-buffered saline.
  • In human serum, a LOD of 1400 pg/mL was obtained, indicating applicability in real samples.

Conclusions:

  • The developed CapG nanobody-type immunosensor offers sensitive and selective detection of CapG.
  • The immunosensor exhibits high stability, making it suitable for practical applications.
  • This novel immunosensor holds potential as an effective tool for cancer screening by detecting elevated CapG levels.