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While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Physical Activity Measurement in Children Accepting Table Tennis Training

Physical Activity Measurement in Children Accepting Table Tennis Training

Published on: July 27, 2022

Time-Varying Associations Between Physical Activity and Injury Risk Among Children.

Chinchin Wang^1,2, Michal Abrahamowicz^1,3, Marie-Eve Beauchamp³

¹Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology

|June 16, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Recent physical activity patterns influence children's injury risk. High activity 10-20 weeks ago may protect, while recent high activity (2-9 weeks ago) increases risk, indicating a complex relationship.

Keywords:

adolescent child exercise fatigue weighted cumulative exposure wounds and injuries

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Last Updated: Sep 19, 2025

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Published on: September 21, 2018

Area of Science:

Pediatric sports medicine
Injury epidemiology
Childhood physical activity

Background:

Physical activity exhibits time-varying associations with pediatric injury risk.
Past activity may influence current injury risk through fatigue or protective adaptations.
The specific time windows and impact of past activity on children's injury risk remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between previous physical activity patterns and injury risk in children.
To identify relevant time windows for physical activity's influence on injury.
To understand the complex temporal relationship between activity history and injury.

Main Methods:

Prospective cohort study (Childhood Health, Activity, and Motor Performance School Study Denmark).
Flexible weighted cumulative exposure methods within Cox proportional hazards models.
Analysis of time-varying associations between weekly activity sessions and time-to-first injury.

Main Results:

A total of 1752 injuries occurred among 1667 participants.
The best model incorporated 20 weeks of past physical activity.
Activity 10-20 weeks prior was linked to reduced injury risk; activity 2-9 weeks prior was linked to increased risk.

Conclusions:

A complex temporal relationship exists between children's physical activity history and injury risk.
Flexible weighted cumulative exposure methods reveal nuanced effects of past activity.
Understanding these temporal dynamics is crucial for injury prevention strategies.