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Calorimeters are useful to determine the heat released or absorbed by a chemical reaction. Coffee cup calorimeters are designed to operate at constant (atmospheric) pressure and are convenient to measure heat flow (or enthalpy change) accompanying processes that occur in solution at constant pressure. A different type of calorimeter that operates at constant volume, colloquially known as a bomb calorimeter, is used to measure the energy produced by reactions that yield large amounts of heat and...

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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Polyfunctionality and Heterogeneity in Immune Responses

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Picoliter-Volume Isothermal Titration Calorimetry Using Parylene Chip Calorimeter Integrated with on-Demand Droplet

Minho Chae¹, Sung Min Nam², Sumin Seo²

¹Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|June 16, 2025

Summary

This study presents a microfluidic chip calorimeter for picoliter-volume Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC). This miniaturized system significantly reduces sample consumption and enhances throughput for biomolecular interaction analysis.

Keywords:

chip calorimeter droplet microfluidics isothermal titration calorimetry parylene microfluidics vanadium oxide

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Thermal Measurement Techniques in Analytical Microfluidic Devices

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Published on: June 3, 2015

Area of Science:

Biophysical Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Microfluidics

Background:

Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is crucial for quantifying biomolecular interactions.
Conventional ITC methods face limitations due to high sample volume requirements and low throughput.
Chip calorimeter systems are being developed to overcome these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a high-sensitivity chip calorimeter integrated with droplet microfluidics.
To enable Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) using picoliter-volume samples.
To provide a scalable and efficient platform for quantitative biochemical analysis.

Main Methods:

Integration of vanadium pentoxide thermistors, vacuum-insulated parylene microfluidics, and Polydimethylsiloxane microfluidics.
On-demand droplet generation and merging for precise molar ratio control.
Development of a chip calorimeter with high temperature (14.9 µK) and power (2.31 nW) resolution.

Main Results:

Successful implementation of ITC with picoliter-volume samples.
Accurate control of molar ratios using droplet-based titration.
Validation of the platform by measuring the 18-crown-6 and barium chloride binding interaction.
Thermodynamic parameters obtained were in good agreement with conventional ITC.

Conclusions:

The developed chip calorimeter offers a miniaturized and highly sensitive platform for ITC.
This technology addresses sample limitations and enhances throughput in biochemical analysis.
The system represents an advancement in scalable and efficient quantitative biomolecular interaction studies.