Prospective Assessment of Gonadotropin Therapy and Its Outcome in Nonobstructive Azoospermic Patients

Background The absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate after centrifugation is known as azoospermia. The primary purpose of the study was to determine the recombinant gonadotropin therapy on stimulating spermatogenesis in nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients having spermatogenic failure. Additionally, the treatment's clinical outcome and potential adverse effects were evaluated. Materials and methods It was a prospective single-arm observational study and included 20 patients. The study is conducted at the Department of Urology and Infertility Clinics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna, Bihar, India. It lasted over the period from November 2023 to December 2024. The institutional ethics committee (IEC) of IGIMS granted ethical approval under letter number 1271/IEC/IGIMS/2023, dated 05 October 2023. Results The mean age of the patients in our study was 31.45 ± 4.82 years. The mean initial follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level was 16.69±6.02 IU/l, the mean initial luteinizing hormone (LH) was 9.85 ± 1.95 IU/l, and the mean testosterone level at baseline was found to be 9.95 ± 2.54 nmol/l. The association of sperm extraction with late maturation arrest compared to other histopathological findings was found to be statistically significant with a p-value of <0.001. Conclusion It was concluded in the study that gonadotropin therapy is helpful in very selected cases of nonobstructive azoospermia. For men with NOA and spermatogenic failure, recombinant gonadotropin therapy appears to be a useful method of overcoming infertility.