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Related Concept Videos

Non-Verbal Cues01:29

Non-Verbal Cues

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Non-verbal communication extends beyond gestures and facial expressions to include vocal elements known as paralanguage. Paralanguage consists of non-verbal vocal cues such as pitch, loudness, speech rate, pauses, and non-verbal vocalizations like laughter, sighs, and moans. These elements not only accompany speech but also provide critical emotional and contextual information.The Role of Paralanguage in CommunicationParalanguage adds depth to spoken language by conveying emotions and...
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Non-verbal communication plays a critical role in human interaction, influencing how individuals perceive emotions and psychological states. It operates through four primary channels: facial expressions, eye contact, body language, and touch. These non-verbal cues help convey meaning beyond spoken language and are often culturally influenced.Facial Expressions and Emotional RecognitionFacial expressions are among the most powerful and universal forms of non-verbal communication. Research has...
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Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role...
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Emotional expression encompasses how individuals convey their emotions through verbal communication and non-verbal cues. These non-verbal actions include facial expressions, body language, and physical gestures, such as frowning or smiling. Among these, facial expressions play a crucial role in emotional expression and are understood universally, indicating a biological basis for how humans communicate emotions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Author Spotlight: Investigating Vocal Information Representation in Small Primates and Its Alteration by Psychiatric Disorders Using Noninvasive EEG
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Emotion in Nonverbal Communication: Comparing Animal and Human Vocalizations and Human Text Messages.

T Gruber1, E F Briefer2, A Grütter3,4

  • 1Swiss Center for Affective Sciences and Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland.

Emotion Review : Journal of the International Society for Research on Emotion
|June 16, 2025
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Summary

This study explores emotion as a unifying dimension in animal vocalizations, human nonverbal communication, and computer-mediated communication (CMC). It argues for integrating emotions across species and modalities, challenging traditional views of animal communication lacking control or meaning.

Keywords:
animal vocalizationsemotional communicationevolution of communicationprosody

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative Psychology
  • Linguistics
  • Communication Studies

Background:

  • Vocalizations are crucial for information transfer in humans and animals.
  • Emotion is a key, yet often overlooked, dimension in communication across species.
  • Existing literature often contrasts animal (emotional, uncontrolled) and human (meaningful, controlled) communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and connect animal vocalizations, human nonverbal vocal communication, and computer-mediated communication (CMC) through the lens of emotion.
  • To challenge the dichotomy of emotion versus control and meaning in communication.
  • To advocate for the integration of emotion across species and communication modalities, including written forms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review across animal vocalizations, human nonverbal communication, and CMC.
  • Analysis of the role of emotion in each domain.
  • Comparative analysis of concepts like control and meaning in relation to emotion.

Main Results:

  • Emotion serves as a connecting dimension across diverse communication forms.
  • Contrary to some views, human emotional signals are perceived as controlled and meaningful.
  • Non-human vocalizations are not necessarily devoid of control or meaning due to emotional expression.

Conclusions:

  • Emotion should be considered a fundamental aspect of communication across all species and modalities.
  • Integrating emotion across domains can enrich our understanding of communication evolution.
  • This perspective can bridge divides in animal, human, and computer-mediated communication research.