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A mercury complex-based fluorescent sensor for biological thiols.

Nguyen Khoa Hien1, Trinh Thi Giao Chau1, Nguyen Dinh Luyen2

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A new fluorescent sensor, Hg(DST)2, selectively detects biological thiols like glutathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys), and homocysteine (Hcy) in water. This sensor offers a sensitive and selective method for quantifying these vital biomolecules.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Biological thiols, including glutathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys), and homocysteine (Hcy), play critical roles in cellular processes.
  • Accurate quantification of these thiols is essential for understanding various physiological and pathological conditions.
  • Development of selective and sensitive detection methods for thiols in aqueous environments remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel fluorescent sensor, Hg(DST)2, for the selective detection of biological thiols.
  • To investigate the sensing mechanism and evaluate the sensor's performance in aqueous solutions.
  • To demonstrate the sensor's applicability in biological and environmental sample analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of the Hg(DST)2 fluorescent sensor.
  • Fluorescence spectroscopy for detecting thiols.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to elucidate the sensing mechanism.
  • Interference studies with common biomolecules and metal ions.
  • Method validation using fluorescence titration and limit of detection analysis.

Main Results:

  • Hg(DST)2 exhibited selective fluorescence quenching upon Hg2+ coordination, with reversible recovery in the presence of thiols.
  • The sensor demonstrated high sensitivity and selectivity for GSH, Cys, and Hcy in aqueous solutions at pH 7.2.
  • Linear correlations were observed between fluorescence intensity and thiol concentrations, with low limits of detection (LODs) ranging from 0.26 to 0.47 μM.
  • Interference from other species was minimal, and specific metal ion interferences were mitigated using 1,10-phenanthroline (PHEN).

Conclusions:

  • Hg(DST)2 is a highly sensitive and selective fluorescent sensor for biological thiols in aqueous media.
  • The sensor operates via an OFF-ON fluorescence mechanism attributed to Hg-thiol complex formation.
  • Hg(DST)2 shows significant potential for the quantification of thiols in complex biological and environmental samples.