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Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...

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Pretargeted Radioimmunotherapy Based on the Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Reaction

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Feasibility Study for Long-Term Cardiotoxicity in Dose-Dense Treated Cancer Patients.

Markus B Heckmann^1,2,3, Julia Lehmann⁴, Daniel Finke^1,2

¹Department for Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.

International Journal of Heart Failure

|June 16, 2025

Summary

Dose-dense chemotherapy for breast cancer shows long-term cardiac safety comparable to conventional methods. This approach preserves heart function and has a low incidence of heart failure.

Keywords:

Anthracycline Antineoplastic agents Breast neoplasms Cardiotoxicity Drug

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Oncology
Pharmacology

Background:

Dose-dense anthracycline-based chemotherapy is a key strategy for high-risk breast cancer.
Long-term cardiotoxicity of accelerated anthracycline regimens requires further investigation.
Assessing cardiac safety is crucial for optimizing breast cancer treatment protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the long-term cardiac safety of dose-dense anthracycline chemotherapy versus conventional protocols.
To compare left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) between treatment groups.
To identify predictors of cardiac dysfunction in breast cancer patients post-chemotherapy.

Main Methods:

Retrospective study of 101 non-metastatic breast cancer patients (2007-2014).
Classification into dose-dense (n=44) and conventional (n=57) chemotherapy groups.
Long-term follow-up (7-10 years) including echocardiography (LVEF, GLS), ECG, and cardiac biomarkers.

Main Results:

Both groups maintained preserved left ventricular systolic function (LVEF and GLS).
Diastolic dysfunction was observed in 28.6% of the dose-dense group and 47.4% of the conventional group.
Age and hypertension were significant predictors of diastolic dysfunction; anthracycline-induced heart failure was rare.

Conclusions:

Dose-dense anthracycline therapy exhibits comparable long-term cardiac safety to conventional regimens.
Preserved systolic function and low heart failure incidence support dose-dense regimens.
Individualized cardiac risk assessment and monitoring are essential in breast cancer management.