Questionable and Improved Research Practices in Single-Case Experimental Design: Initial Investigation and Findings

Area of Science:

• Behavioral Science
• Research Methodology

Background:

• Questionable research practices (QRPs) threaten the replicability and validity of scientific conclusions.
• The application and identification of QRPs within single-case experimental designs (SCED) remain underexplored.
• A lack of focus exists on developing and disseminating improved research practices as alternatives to QRPs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify questionable research practices (QRPs) in single-case experimental designs (SCED).
• To identify improved research practices as alternatives to QRPs in SCED.
• To lay the groundwork for enhancing the rigor of SCED.

Main Methods:

• A virtual microconference involving 63 SCED researcher experts was conducted.
• Focus groups were utilized to solicit examples of QRPs and improved practices across the research process.
• Qualitative analysis of over 2,000 participant notes informed the identification of practice pairs.

Main Results:

• 64 distinct pairs of questionable and improved research practices in SCED were identified.
• Shared perspectives among experts on QRPs and improved practices were established.
• The study highlights a consensus on the need for better research standards in SCED.

Conclusions:

• There is a critical need to address questionable research practices in SCED.
• Dissemination and evaluation of improved research practices are essential for advancing SCED methodology.
• This work provides a foundation for developing evidence-based guidelines for SCED researchers.