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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Author Spotlight: Methodologies and Advancements of Chronic Pain Management Research
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Exploring Racial Disparities in Chronic Pain Management.

Anthony J Vargas1, Leah Tobey-Moore2, Geoffrey M Curran3

  • 1Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, USA.

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|June 16, 2025
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Summary

Racial disparities persist in chronic pain management. Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients receive fewer specialist referrals and opioid prescriptions compared to Non-Hispanic White patients, indicating inequitable care.

Keywords:
discrepancieshealth inequalityhealth outcomes

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Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Pain Management
  • Health Equity

Background:

  • Racial disparities in healthcare access and outcomes are well-documented.
  • Effective chronic pain management is essential for patient quality of life.
  • Understanding referral and prescribing patterns is key to addressing inequities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze racial differences in chronic pain management referrals.
  • To investigate racial disparities in opioid prescribing patterns.
  • To identify potential targets for improving equitable pain care.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 19,919 chronic non-cancer pain patients.
  • Data collected from 7/1/2020 to 7/1/2022 at an academic medical center.
  • Chi-square tests and logistic regression used to assess racial group differences.

Main Results:

  • Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients had lower odds for interventional pain and neurosurgical referrals compared to Non-Hispanic White patients.
  • Non-Hispanic Black patients showed higher odds for orthopedic surgery and physical therapy referrals.
  • Both Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients had reduced odds of receiving opioid therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Significant racial disparities exist in chronic pain management referrals and opioid prescribing.
  • Interventions like implicit bias training and cultural sensitivity are recommended.
  • Further research is needed to address root causes and promote healthcare equity.