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Cemiplimab-Induced Colitis Causing Hypovolemic Shock: A Case Report and Literature Review
Saeed S Graham1, Kena J Lemu1, Victoria Mofopefoluwa Thomas2
1Brody School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine East Carolina University Greenville North Carolina USA.
Summary
Immune checkpoint inhibitors like Cemiplimab can cause severe colitis, a potentially life-threatening gastrointestinal inflammation. Early diagnosis and corticosteroid treatment are crucial for managing this adverse event in cancer patients.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are widely used in cancer therapy.
- ICI can cause severe immune-related adverse events, including gastrointestinal inflammation.
- Cemiplimab is an ICI used for advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC).
Purpose of the Study:
- To report a case of Cemiplimab-induced colitis.
- To highlight the potential for severe complications such as hypovolemic shock.
- To emphasize the importance of prompt management strategies.
Main Methods:
- Case report of an 83-year-old male with cSCC treated with Cemiplimab.
- Clinical presentation of severe diarrhea, hypovolemic shock, and acute renal failure.
- Diagnostic workup including endoscopy and histopathology, followed by treatment with high-dose prednisone.
Main Results:
- Cemiplimab therapy led to severe colitis.
- The patient developed hypovolemic shock and acute renal failure.
- High-dose prednisone resulted in rapid symptom improvement and recovery.
Conclusions:
- Cemiplimab can induce severe colitis, a serious immune-related adverse event.
- Early endoscopic evaluation and prompt corticosteroid therapy are essential for effective management.
- Vigilant monitoring for gastrointestinal symptoms in patients on ICI therapy is critical.
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