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Lesion-Induced Blepharospasm: Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics
Elina Myller1,2, Rolle Halonen1,2, Daniel T Corp1,3
1Turku Brain and Mind Center, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements (New York, N.Y.)
|June 16, 2025
Summary
Lesion-induced blepharospasm is more common than previously believed, affecting 7.0% of patients in a recent study. Atypical features were present in all lesion-induced blepharospasm cases, suggesting targeted neuroimaging is appropriate.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Ophthalmology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Lesion-induced blepharospasm (LIB) was previously considered rare.
- Existing data on LIB is limited by small, heterogeneous cohorts and lack of routine neuroimaging.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of lesion-induced blepharospasm.
- To determine the prevalence and incidence of LIB in a defined population.
Main Methods:
- Systematic search of electronic medical records for blepharospasm patients with uncertain etiology before brain imaging (Turku University Hospital, 1996-2022).
- Clinical information and imaging data were extracted and re-evaluated.
- Etiology was determined through literature review of lesion-induced dystonias.
- Prevalence and incidence were calculated using population data.
Main Results:
- Identified 57 patients; 4 (7.0%) had LIB.
- Population-based prevalence of 2.5 per million and annual incidence of 0.3 per million.
- All LIB patients exhibited atypical features, significantly more common than in idiopathic blepharospasm (P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
- Lesion-induced blepharospasm is more prevalent than previously assumed.
- Atypical clinical features are characteristic of LIB.
- Routine brain imaging for blepharospasm may be reserved for patients presenting with atypical symptoms.
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