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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...
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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Pathophysiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
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Eosinophilic Esophagitis Pathogenesis: All Clear?

Jan Hendrik Niess1,2, Tanay Kaymak1

  • 1Gastroenterology, Department of Biomedicine, Basel, Switzerland.

Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases
|June 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) involves type 2 inflammation in genetically susceptible individuals. Environmental factors, microbiome, and genetics interact to trigger EoE, prompting new research questions for effective treatments.

Keywords:
Eosinophilic esophagitisEpithelial barrierEsophagusMicrobiomeMucosal immunity

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, type 2-mediated inflammatory condition of the esophagus.
  • It affects genetically predisposed individuals with compromised esophageal epithelial barriers.
  • The precise triggers involving pollutants, microbiome, immunity, and genetics remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss recent findings on factors contributing to EoE.
  • To explore the roles of the environment/exposome, esophageal microbiome, genetics, immunity, and barrier integrity.
  • To formulate relevant research questions for EoE.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research findings.
  • Discussion of preclinical models, cell culture, sequencing technologies, and clinical trials.
  • Identification of knowledge gaps and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • The review highlights the complex interplay of environmental exposures, microbiome, host genetics, and immune responses in EoE pathogenesis.
  • Recent advancements in research methodologies are providing deeper insights into EoE.
  • Several key areas require further investigation to fully elucidate EoE development.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the multifaceted pathophysiology of EoE requires integrating environmental, microbial, genetic, and immune factors.
  • Future research, aided by technological advancements, holds promise for identifying novel therapeutic targets.
  • This progress offers hope for improved treatments and patient quality of life in EoE.