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Related Experiment Videos

Psychological impairment in alcoholics.

G K Shaw, M Spence

    Alcohol and Alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire)
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Most alcoholics appear cognitively normal but have brain damage. Detailed testing reveals deficits, with age and prior intelligence impacting impairment severity and recovery from alcohol-related cognitive dysfunction.

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    AN UPDATE IN AORTIC VALVE INTERVENTION AND EARLY DISCHARGE.

    The Ulster medical journal·2018

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Psychology
    • Addiction Medicine

    Background:

    • Alcoholism often presents with subtle or no overt cognitive deficits, despite underlying structural brain damage in a significant portion of individuals.
    • Routine intelligence tests may not detect cognitive impairments in clinically "intact" alcoholics, masking underlying neurological effects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the prevalence and nature of cognitive deficits in alcoholics, particularly those appearing clinically intact.
    • To identify factors influencing the degree of cognitive impairment and recovery.
    • To explore the relationship between cognitive deficits and treatment outcomes in alcoholism.

    Main Methods:

    • Clinical assessment of alcoholics, including routine intelligence testing and detailed psychometric evaluations.

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  • Assessment of structural brain damage, alcohol consumption variables, age, and premorbid intelligence.
  • Longitudinal evaluation of cognitive recovery over time.

    • Main Results:

    • Detailed psychometric testing revealed deficits in non-verbal abstracting ability, tactile performance, and psychomotor speed in clinically intact alcoholics.
    • Cognitive impairment severity was not strongly correlated with alcohol consumption or structural brain damage extent, but was related to age and premorbid intelligence.
    • While much impairment is recoverable, visuo-spatial and abstract problem-solving deficits may persist for years, with some memory impairments potentially permanent, especially in older individuals.

    Conclusions:

    • Cognitive impairment in alcoholism is often subclinical but significant, influenced by factors beyond mere alcohol exposure.
    • Age and premorbid intelligence are critical determinants of cognitive deficits and recovery potential.
    • Cognitive deficits predict treatment outcomes, highlighting the importance of addressing these impairments in rehabilitation and considering factors like nutritional deficiencies.