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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Transconjunctival Approach for Injection into the Rat Optic Nerve

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Published on: April 4, 2025

Serotonin neuromodulation directs optic nerve regeneration.

Kristian Saied-Santiago¹, Melissa Baxter¹, Jaffna Mathiaparanam¹

¹Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Development (Cambridge, England)

|June 16, 2025

Summary

Serotonin (5-HT) signaling inhibits optic nerve regeneration in zebrafish. Activating serotonin type-1 (5-HT1) receptors promotes axonal regrowth, revealing a novel pro-regenerative pathway for optic nerve repair.

Keywords:

5HT Axon regeneration Optic nerve Serotonin Zebrafish

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Last Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Transconjunctival Approach for Injection into the Rat Optic Nerve

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Published on: April 4, 2025

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Regenerative Medicine
Molecular Biology

Background:

Mammalian optic nerve regeneration is hindered by inhibitory factors, limiting pro-regenerative pathway discovery.
Larval zebrafish possess inherent regenerative capabilities, making them an ideal model for identifying pro-regenerative mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify pathways that promote optic nerve regeneration using larval zebrafish.
To investigate the role of serotonin (5-HT) signaling in optic nerve regeneration.

Main Methods:

Conducted a small molecule screen to identify modulators of serotonin signaling.
Utilized gene expression analysis to examine serotonin type-1 (5-HT1) receptor expression in retinal ganglion cells.
Performed experiments involving inhibition and activation of 5-HT1 receptors and the 5-HT pathway.

Main Results:

Identified serotonin (5-HT) signaling modulators that inhibit optic nerve regeneration.
Found that 5-HT1 receptor genes are expressed in retinal ganglion cells during regeneration.
Demonstrated that inhibiting 5-HT1 receptors impedes optic nerve regeneration, while activation enhances axonal regrowth.

Conclusions:

Serotonin (5-HT) signaling, specifically through 5-HT1 receptors, plays a critical role in promoting optic nerve regeneration in zebrafish.
5-HT1 receptor signaling is essential for regenerating axons to emerge from the injury site but not for later stages of regeneration.
Findings suggest serotonin-dependent neuromodulation as a key mechanism directing optic nerve regeneration in vivo.