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Published on: August 16, 2019
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Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes: Insights From a Nationwide Analysis
Hongyin Lai1, Hunza Ahmad2, Talha Mubashir3
1Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston , Texas , USA.
Neurosurgery
|June 16, 2025
Summary
Racial and socioeconomic disparities significantly impact outcomes for traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. While minority TBI patients faced longer hospital stays, those with poor socioeconomic status (SES) had lower mortality, suggesting the social safety net
Area of Science:
- Medical research
- Public health
- Trauma care
Background:
- Racial and socioeconomic disparities affect clinical outcomes.
- Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patient outcomes vary by race and socioeconomic status (SES).
Purpose of the Study:
- Examine how racial and socioeconomic disparities influence TBI patient outcomes.
- Investigate effects on in-hospital mortality, discharge disposition, and hospital length of stay (LOS).
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (1995-2015).
- Used adjusted logistic and multinomial logistic regression models.
- Propensity score matching was applied to analyze disparities.
Main Results:
- African American and Hispanic TBI patients had lower mortality risk but longer LOS than White patients.
- Patients with poor SES (pSES) had lower in-hospital mortality and higher rates of leaving against medical advice.
- pSES TBI patients were less likely to be discharged to rehabilitation.
Conclusions:
- Racial and socioeconomic disparities significantly influence TBI patient outcomes.
- Lower mortality in pSES TBI patients may be linked to hospitalization in urban teaching hospitals.
- The US Social Safety Net appears effective in preventing TBI mortality.
