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Low birth weight among neonates: Investigating incidence, risk factors, and AI-enabled predictive modeling for risk

Archana Maju1, Sarita Shokandha1, Sugandha Arya2

  • 1Rajkumari Amrit College of Nursing, DGHS, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, India.

Journal of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine
|June 16, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Low birth weight (LBW) affects 30.47% of neonates. Key risk factors include inadequate maternal weight gain, preterm birth, fetal complications, and multiple gestations. An AI model accurately predicts LBW risk.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Health
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

Background:

  • Low birth weight (LBW) is a critical indicator of global maternal health and prenatal care effectiveness.
  • Assessing LBW incidence and identifying associated risk factors are crucial for improving neonatal outcomes.
  • Predictive modeling using AI can enhance early detection and intervention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence and significant risk factors of low birth weight (LBW) in neonates.
  • To develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven predictive model for LBW risk assessment.
  • To evaluate the accuracy and potential clinical utility of the AI predictive model.

Main Methods:

  • A dual research design combining descriptive and case-control methodologies was employed.
  • Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.
  • An AI-based logistic regression model was developed for predicting LBW.

Main Results:

  • The incidence rate of LBW was 304.7 per 1000 live births (30.47%).
  • Significant risk factors identified include inadequate maternal weight gain (<9 kg), preterm gestation (<37 weeks), fetal complications, and multiple gestations.
  • The AI predictive model achieved a high overall accuracy of 90% in classifying newborns by birth weight.

Conclusions:

  • Identified risk factors for LBW are largely modifiable, emphasizing the importance of early prenatal care.
  • The AI predictive model demonstrates high accuracy and potential for early risk detection.
  • Integrating this AI model into healthcare systems can significantly reduce LBW incidence and improve neonatal health outcomes.

Keywords:
incidencelow birth weightpredictive modelrisk factors

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