Transcatheter closure of an ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm using an atrial septal defect occluder: a case report

Ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm is a rare but potentially fatal complication following cardiac surgery. Its management is particularly challenging in elderly or frail patients due to the high risk associated with repeat sternotomy. This case is notable for the successful use of a transcatheter approach to treat a pseudoaneurysm arising just above a sutureless aortic valve bioprosthesis-an unusual anatomical location that poses unique technical challenges.

An 83-year-old man with a history of hypertension underwent surgical aortic valve replacement with a large-size sutureless bioprosthetic valve. Five months later, he presented with chest heaviness. Imaging with computed tomography angiography and aortography revealed an ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm located 1.5 cm above the upper edge of the prosthetic valve frame. Due to his advanced age and stable clinical condition, a percutaneous approach was selected. Access was obtained via the right femoral artery, and angiography was performed using a pigtail catheter. An initial attempt to close the defect with a 22 mm atrial septal defect occluder failed due to inadequate anchoring. A 32 mm device was then successfully deployed, sealing the pseudoaneurysm without interfering with valve function. The patient remained hemodynamically stable throughout the procedure and had an uneventful recovery. Follow-up imaging at six months confirmed stable device positioning, complete exclusion of the pseudoaneurysm from systemic circulation, and no thrombus formation. The patient remained asymptomatic.

This case demonstrates that transcatheter closure of ascending aortic pseudoaneurysms is a viable and safe alternative to surgical repair in selected high-risk patients. The successful use of an atrial septal defect occluder above a sutureless aortic valve prosthesis highlights the adaptability of percutaneous closure devices and the importance of individualized procedural planning. This approach may expand treatment options for patients otherwise considered inoperable.