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Trends in HIV Testing Among Adults in the Deep South: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2017-2023.

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HIV testing rates in the Deep South declined overall between 2017 and 2023, with significant drops observed in specific demographics and states. Continued monitoring is crucial for HIV prevention and care initiatives.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) testing is critical for prevention and treatment, recommended for all adults of reproductive age.
  • Despite recommendations, HIV testing rates remain suboptimal, particularly in the Deep South region of the United States.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in lifetime HIV testing and testing within the past 12 months from 2017 to 2023 in nine Deep South states.
  • To identify demographic and geographic disparities in HIV testing trends during this period.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) spanning 2017-2023.
  • Employed descriptive statistics and Joinpoint linear regression to assess trends in HIV testing.
  • Analyzed data across nine Deep South states: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas.

Main Results:

  • Overall lifetime HIV testing increased from 43% in 2017 to 47% in 2019, then declined to 40% in 2022 and 41% in 2023.
  • Significant declines in lifetime testing were noted in North Carolina and among adults aged 25-44, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic multiracial, and gay/lesbian individuals.
  • HIV testing within the past 12 months declined from 48% in 2017 to 42% in 2022, with a slight rise to 43% in 2023, showing significant drops in several states and diverse demographic groups.

Conclusions:

  • Observed declines in HIV testing trends, largely coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic, highlight an urgent need to enhance HIV prevention and care strategies.
  • Targeted interventions are necessary for populations and regions experiencing significant decreases in testing rates.
  • Ongoing surveillance post-pandemic is essential to understand and address evolving HIV testing behaviors.