Time Trends of Body Mass Index and its Impact on Glycemic Control Among Finnish Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Zhiting Wang1, Piia Lavikainen2, Katja Wikström3,4,5
1Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland. zhiting.wang@uef.fi.
Introduction:
Obesity prevalence has increased in Finland and is prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Also, hyperglycemia in patients with T2D is partially attributed to obesity. We aimed to examine the time trends of body mass index (BMI) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) control across different BMI categories among Finnish patients with T2D.
Methods:
Regional data on the electronic health records (EHRs) covering all public healthcare services in North Karelia, Finland, were used to conduct this retrospective study. Annual patients with T2D from 2012 to 2022 were identified from the EHRs. In each study year, patients with ≥ 1 measurement of BMI and HbA1c were included. Linear and logistic regression analyses estimated with generalized estimating equations were performed to evaluate the time trends.
Results:
The annual number of patients for analyses ranged from 5149 to 10,216 during 2012-2022. The unadjusted mean BMI declined slightly over time but increased after age adjustment (all p < 0.05). In the age-stratified analysis adjusted for sex and diabetes duration, mean BMI increased over time in patients aged 45-64 years (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, the increasing time trend in age-adjusted BMI among the study patients persisted after adjusting for sex, diabetes duration, and antidiabetic medication use (p < 0.05). Overall, patients in the higher BMI categories had higher HbA1c levels and were less likely to achieve the HbA1c target from 2012 to 2022. When examining time trends of HbA1c control, HbA1c control improved over time in patients with the highest level of BMI, coinciding with a greater increase in new antidiabetic medication use compared with the lowest BMI group (p < 0.05 for calendar year × obesity class III interaction).
Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that weight management requires increased attention among Finnish patients with T2D and is especially important for better glycemic control.
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