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Unraveling ADHD Through Eye-Tracking Procedures: A Scoping Review
Georgia Andreou1, Ariadni Argatzopoulou1
1Department of Special Education, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece.
Journal of Attention Disorders
|June 17, 2025
Summary
Eye-tracking technology shows promise for diagnosing and treating Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children. This technology aids in identifying ADHD, understanding its cognitive impacts, and developing interventions to improve attention and coordination.
Area of Science:
- Multidisciplinary research integrating neuroscience, psychiatry, artificial intelligence, machine learning, virtual reality, and biomedical engineering.
- Focus on understanding neurodevelopmental disorders and cognitive functions in pediatric populations.
Background:
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) presents significant challenges in diagnosis and intervention.
- Existing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for ADHD can be enhanced by objective, technology-driven methods.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a scoping review on the application of eye-tracking technology in children with ADHD.
- To identify involved scientific fields, methodologies, research aims, and effectiveness outcomes.
- To synthesize current knowledge on eye-tracking's role in ADHD diagnosis and intervention.
Main Methods:
- Systematic search and analysis of 22 studies involving eye-tracking and children diagnosed with ADHD.
- Adherence to PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews.
- Data extraction on study objectives, methodologies, disciplinary origins, and key findings.
Main Results:
- Eye-tracking is utilized for ADHD identification/diagnosis, investigating cognitive/behavioral mechanisms (attention, inhibition), and as an intervention tool.
- Integration with virtual reality and machine learning shows potential for efficient ADHD diagnosis.
- Distinct eye movement patterns correlate with attention deficits, inhibitory control issues, working memory impairments, and socio-emotional processing challenges.
- Interventions using eye-tracking demonstrate efficacy in training attention control and motor coordination.
Conclusions:
- Eye-tracking technology offers significant potential as both a diagnostic aid and an interventional tool for pediatric ADHD.
- Future research should focus on addressing methodological limitations and evaluating long-term effectiveness.
- Further exploration of multimodal integration with emerging technologies is recommended to advance ADHD care.
