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Comparative analysis of regressive and non-regressive autism: a study of clinical patterns and environmental risk

Nagihan Cevher Binici1, Ayşe Kutlu2, Çisel Yazan Songür3

  • 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey.

International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice
|June 17, 2025
PubMed

Insights

This study found no significant differences in autism symptom severity between regressive autism spectrum disorder (ASD-R) and non-regressive autism spectrum disorder (ASD-NR). However, parental age was higher in the ASD-R group.

Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Pediatric Neurology

Background:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition.
  • A subset of children with ASD exhibits developmental regression, a phenomenon not fully understood.
  • Comparing regressive (ASD-R) and non-regressive (ASD-NR) subtypes is crucial for understanding underlying mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare clinical features, symptom severity, and prenatal/perinatal risk factors in Turkish children with ASD-R and ASD-NR.
  • To investigate potential predictors of developmental regression in ASD.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cross-sectional study of 143 children (aged 2-6) diagnosed with ASD.
  • Participants were categorized into ASD-R (n=29) and ASD-NR (n=114) groups.
  • Symptom severity assessed using CARS, AuBC, and ABC; data on risk factors, epilepsy, and parental age collected.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in overall symptom severity (CARS, AuBC, total ABC scores) between ASD-R and ASD-NR groups.
  • The ASD-NR group showed higher lethargy/social withdrawal scores.
  • Prenatal/perinatal risk factors and epilepsy prevalence were similar; parental age at birth was significantly higher in the ASD-R group.
  • Logistic regression did not identify significant predictors of regression.

Conclusions:

  • Prenatal and perinatal factors may interact with genetic vulnerability to influence ASD regression.
  • Further longitudinal research is necessary to elucidate the roles of early environmental exposures and epigenetic mechanisms in ASD regression patterns.
Abstract

Keywords:
Regressive autismenvironmental risk factorsnon-regressive autism

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