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A Prognostic Nutritional Index-Based Nomogram to Predict Breast Cancer Metastasis: A Retrospective Cohort Validation
Zhimin Chen1, Honglan Gao1, Mingwen Cheng2
1Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224000, People's Republic of China.
Breast Cancer (Dove Medical Press)
|June 17, 2025
Summary
The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) independently predicts breast cancer (BC) metastasis. A new nomogram model using PNI offers a practical tool for assessing BC metastasis risk in patients.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Biostatistics
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is linked to breast cancer (BC) prognosis.
- The role of PNI in BC metastasis requires further investigation.
- This study explores PNI's impact on BC metastasis and develops a predictive model.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between PNI and breast cancer metastasis.
- To develop and validate a nomogram model for predicting BC metastasis risk.
- To identify independent predictors of BC metastasis.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 311 breast cancer patients.
- Restricted cubic spline (RCS) to assess nonlinear relationships.
- Multivariate logistic regression and nomogram construction for prediction and validation.
Main Results:
- Nonlinear associations found between PNI, HALP, and BC metastasis.
- PNI identified as an independent predictor of BC metastasis, alongside T and N stage.
- Nomogram demonstrated strong predictive ability (AUC 0.85 training, 0.82 validation) and clinical utility.
Conclusions:
- PNI is a significant independent predictor of breast cancer metastasis.
- A PNI-based nomogram serves as a practical tool for evaluating BC metastasis risk.
