Risk Factors and Cumulative Incidence of Cystoid Macular Edema After Simple Cataract Surgery: A Systematic Review and...

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Clinical Research

Background:

• Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) is a frequent complication after cataract surgery.
• Systemic and ocular comorbidities can increase PCME risk.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the cumulative incidence of PCME post-cataract surgery.
• To investigate ophthalmic, systemic, and surgery-related risk factors for PCME.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature search of PubMed and EMBASE databases up to March 31, 2024.
• Meta-analysis using random-effects models to calculate pooled cumulative incidence and relative risks (RR).
• Included 143 studies for incidence and 37 for risk factor analysis.

Main Results:

• The pooled cumulative incidence of PCME was 5%.
• Significant risk factors for PCME included diabetes mellitus (DM) (RR=2.87), epiretinal membrane (ERM) (RR=4.51), uveitis (RR=6.76), pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) (RR=4.11), and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) (RR=8.79).

Conclusions:

• PCME incidence is 5% after cataract surgery.
• DM, ERM, uveitis, PPV, and RVO are identified risk factors for PCME.
• Further prospective studies are recommended to explore PCME risk factors.