Comparison of Dysautonomia Across Species: Current Knowledge and Future Research Opportunities

Primary dysautonomia is a complex and often fatal autonomic nervous system disease. This literature review consolidates information on dysautonomia across species. Electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar and the Equine Grass Sickness Fund website) were systematically searched for veterinary and human medical literature on the topic. Nine hundred and fifty-six articles were identified, of which 158 were included in this review. The review covers the clinical presentation, etiology, diagnostic approaches, treatment strategies, and prognosis across different species. By integrating findings from multiple species, we aim to enhance understanding and inform future research and medical strategies regarding dysautonomia.