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Related Concept Videos

Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube01:18

Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube

When very thin cylindrical tubes, called capillaries, are dipped in a liquid, the liquid rises or falls in the tube compared to the surrounding liquid. This phenomenon is called capillary action. Capillary action occurs due to the combination of two opposing forces: the cohesive forces of the liquid, which cause it to stick to itself and form a rounded shape, and the adhesive forces between the liquid and the walls of the container, which cause the liquid to be attracted to the container walls.
Sampling Methods: Sample Types01:18

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...
Gas Solubility01:31

Gas Solubility

Gas solubility in liquids forms liquid-gas solutions, such as soft drinks, where carbon dioxide is dissolved in water, and the ocean, where the solubility of oxygen and carbon dioxide supports marine life. The ability of oceans to dissolve gases impacts weather conditions in the troposphere.However, gas-liquid interactions vary. For instance, hydrogen chloride gas is highly soluble in water, while oxygen's solubility is much lower. Because these solutions are non-ideal, Raoult’s law, which...
Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems01:27

Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems

A pressure-composition phase diagram explicitly describes the behavior of an ideal solution of two volatile liquids under varying pressures and compositions. A pressure-composition diagram has two main curves. The bubble point curve represents the plot of pressure versus liquid mole fraction. It indicates the pressure at which the first bubble of vapor forms from the liquid phase as the system pressure decreases.The dew point curve is the pressure versus vapor mole fraction. It indicates the...

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Detection of Cell-Free DNA in Blood Plasma Samples of Cancer Patients
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Update on Liquid Biopsy.

Marius E Mayerhoefer1,2, Andreas Kienzle3,4, Sungmin Woo1

  • 1Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, 660 First Ave, New York, NY 10016.

Radiology
|June 17, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Liquid biopsy, a minimally invasive test using blood or urine, detects cancer markers. It shows promise for early detection, treatment monitoring, and predicting outcomes in various cancers.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Diagnostics
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Liquid biopsy offers a minimally invasive method for detecting tumor-derived materials in body fluids.
  • It serves as a cost-effective alternative to traditional tissue biopsies, particularly for serial monitoring.
  • Key analytes include cell-free and circulating tumor DNA, crucial for cancer management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in liquid biopsy applications for cancer detection and management.
  • To highlight findings from clinical trials and regulatory approvals for liquid biopsy tests.
  • To discuss the clinical implementation challenges of liquid biopsy in oncology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on liquid biopsy in oncology.
  • Analysis of findings from landmark clinical trials involving liquid biopsy.
  • Examination of U.S. regulatory approvals for liquid biopsy as companion diagnostics.

Main Results:

  • Liquid biopsy detects tumor-derived analytes in small sample volumes (e.g., 10 mL blood/urine).
  • It demonstrates potential in cancer screening, residual disease assessment, and outcome prediction.
  • Liquid biopsy may offer earlier treatment response detection compared to RECIST criteria.

Conclusions:

  • Liquid biopsy is a valuable tool for whole-body tumor interrogation in cancer patients.
  • Its application is particularly noted in lymphoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and melanoma.
  • Addressing current challenges is essential for widespread clinical adoption of liquid biopsy.