Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

606
Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
606
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

509
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
509
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

1.3K
Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
1.3K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

821
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
821
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

212
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
212
Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics01:13

Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics

876
The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
876

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Prone Position and Epidural Anesthesia Without Secured Airway: Prospective Case Study in Infants Undergoing Surgery for Anorectal Malformations.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Pediatric Anesthesia: Excellence in Patient Care.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Pediatric Regional Anesthesia: Reply.

Anesthesiology·2026
Same author

Intestinal Reconstruction in Infants Under Epidural Anesthesia Without Invasive Airway: A Prospective Case Study.

Journal of clinical medicine·2025
Same author

The History of Ultrasound-guided Regional Anesthesia.

Anesthesiology·2025
Same author

Liposomal Bupivacaine for Nerve Blockade: Reply.

Anesthesiology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
11:19

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Published on: January 17, 2011

17.7K

Pediatric Regional Anesthesia: A Practical Guideline for Daily Clinical Practice.

Peter Marhofer1, Markus Zadrazil1, Philipp L Opfermann1

  • 1Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Anesthesiology
|June 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric regional anesthesia has advanced significantly, offering safe and effective pain management for children. This review details state-of-the-art techniques for practical clinical implementation.

More Related Videos

Making MR Imaging Child's Play - Pediatric Neuroimaging Protocol, Guidelines and Procedure
15:18

Making MR Imaging Child's Play - Pediatric Neuroimaging Protocol, Guidelines and Procedure

Published on: July 30, 2009

18.3K
Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery
09:47

Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery

Published on: June 2, 2022

2.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
11:19

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Published on: January 17, 2011

17.7K
Making MR Imaging Child's Play - Pediatric Neuroimaging Protocol, Guidelines and Procedure
15:18

Making MR Imaging Child's Play - Pediatric Neuroimaging Protocol, Guidelines and Procedure

Published on: July 30, 2009

18.3K
Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery
09:47

Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery

Published on: June 2, 2022

2.5K

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pediatric Surgery

Background:

  • Pediatric regional anesthesia has seen substantial advancements over the last 20 years.
  • Techniques are increasingly practicable, reliable, and associated with very low complication rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on pediatric regional anesthesia.
  • To provide a practical guide for implementing these techniques in clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Review of state-of-the-art information on pediatric regional anesthesia.
  • Focus on practical aspects for daily clinical use.

Main Results:

  • Regional anesthesia optimizes perioperative pain control in children.
  • Benefits include avoiding mechanical ventilation and favorable immunomodulatory/gastrointestinal effects.
  • Successful implementation requires specialized knowledge and skills.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric regional anesthesia is a valuable subspecialty with growing appreciation.
  • A practical approach to implementation is essential for widespread adoption.