Advances in Electrochemical Detection of Vitamins B2 and B6: A Brief Review on Practical Applications

The precise measurement of vitamins B2 (VB2) and B6 (VB6) is of great concern for clinics, pharmacists, and food manufacturers, as these vitamins are of great importance and cannot be made by the body. Undoubtedly, the reliable quantification of these vitamins is a great analytical problem considering the serious metabolic disorders that can occur because of their deficiencies. Conventional HPLC, fluorescence spectroscopy, and capillary electrophoresis are highly accurate methods, but due to high costs, intricate sample preparation, and slow analysis times, their application is quite limited. The introduction of electrochemical sensing was a much-needed alternative as its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, high sensitivity, and fast response is desired within the monitoring field. Advances in the electrochemical techniques, and particularly in the voltammetric methods, as well as their electrode materials and surface modifications have improved the simultaneous detection of these vitamins. Nonetheless, sensor selectivity, reproducibility, and signal interference are significant hurdles for their practical implementation. In this review, we describe the importance of the electrochemical sensors in VB2 and VB6 detection, the current state of these sensors and their limitations, and the prospective future development work to improve their performance.