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Designing Natural Cell-Inspired Heme-Spurred Membrane Electrode Assembly for Fuel Cells.

Zhongliang Huang1, Changhong Zhan1, Yujia Yuan2

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A novel Heme-cofactor strategy enhances proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) by creating a "respiratory proton-transfer chain." This boosts platinum catalyst activity and mass transfer, significantly improving power density and longevity for fuel cell applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) require highly efficient and durable membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs).
  • Low power density and longevity in current platinum (Pt)-based MEAs are limited by poor mass transfer and sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics, especially at ultralow Pt loading.
  • Developing strategies to overcome these limitations is crucial for widespread PEMFC implementation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a Heme-cofactor strategy to create a
  • respiratory proton-transfer chain
  • for enhancing PEMFC performance.
  • To improve the catalytic activity of Pt catalysts and the mass transfer efficiency of MEAs.
  • To achieve higher power density and longevity in PEMFCs, particularly at low Pt loadings.

Main Methods:

  • Inspired by hemoglobin, a multifunctional Heme cofactor featuring carboxyl and Fe2+ groups was integrated with Pt catalysts (Pt/C, Pt3Co/C, PtCo).
  • The Heme-cofactor strategy was implemented to create a
  • respiratory proton-transfer chain
  • within the MEAs.
  • Performance metrics including peak power density (PPD) and mass activity (MA) were evaluated for the Heme-spurred MEAs.

Main Results:

  • Heme-spurred Pt-type MEAs exhibited significantly enhanced PPD (50–109%) and MA compared to controls.
  • A PtCo-based MEA with a low Pt loading of 0.1 mgPt cm-2 achieved record PPDs of 3.8 W cm-2 (H2-O2) and 1.9 W cm-2 (H2-air).
  • The developed MEA demonstrated stable operation at 1.5 A cm-2 for over 50 days (1250 h) with 93% MA retention.

Conclusions:

  • The Heme-cofactor strategy is a universal and efficient approach for boosting PEMFC performance.
  • This strategy effectively enhances both Pt catalytic activity and mass transfer efficiency in MEAs.
  • The results highlight the potential of the Heme-cofactor strategy for practical and high-performance fuel cell applications.